Which of the following are considered the four main functions of management?

The correct identification of the four main functions of management as Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling stems from well-established management theory.

Planning entails setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving those objectives. This critical function involves analyzing current situations, forecasting future conditions, and deciding on strategies and actions to meet organizational goals.

Organizing involves arranging resources and tasks to implement the plans effectively. This function includes determining what tasks need to be done, who will perform them, how the tasks will be grouped, and how the overall structure of the organization will function to facilitate efficient workflows.

Leading is about directing and influencing people to work towards the organization's goals. This function is key in motivating staff, enhancing team dynamics, and establishing an effective communication style to ensure that all members are aligned and productive.

Controlling ensures that the organization’s goals are met in an efficient and effective manner. This involves monitoring performance, comparing it with established standards, and taking corrective action when necessary to ensure organizational objectives are being achieved.

The other options contain elements that either do not align with the traditional management functions or mix in terms that are not considered fundamental management functions. For example, budgeting is a critical task but is more of a part of the planning function rather